Folk literature and topical issues : an investigation of Valley Tonga narratives dealing with marriage

This study attempts to look at oral narratives of the Valley Tonga of Zambia that project these people's practices in marriage. In the absence of previous study of Valley Tonga Literature, let alone serious examination of Tonga narratives in general, the need to strike a balance between formalistic and functional theories in the study of folkliterature is funda¬mental. Complementary as the aesthetic and didactic roles of the folktale are, there is need for critical examination of the relationship between them.
Among other things, principles of aesthetics, among these people, against the background of real life issues determine the form which realized narrative performances take. Issues of less public discussion are given appropriate fictionalization such that narration is in the final analysis more manifestly entertaining. Hence, a narrator who lays more emphasis on content can mar the art while the contrary enhances its function. In this way any given tale acquires the potential to capture the necessary tri-periodical significance; reflecting the past and present, and projecting the future. This is how the folktale can be useful to society.
Since natural performance of the folktale is more pastime than a pedantic activity, the sociological data upon which every story is founded is given homophoric reference. This technique curbs audience boredom while engaging them into the performance intellectually. Thus it enhances both the aesthetic and functional roles of the tale. It also provides an audience seeking details of the sociological material with a cue for consulting relevant forms of the people's other oral traditions.
Therefore in order to exchange valuable views on the forms and functions of oral literature, scholars ought to demonstrate ultimate commitment to, and appreciation of,the literature's social context. Indeed, relations between the tale, the narrator, and the audience (as in the present case).contribute greatly to the formalistic and functional impact of performance.
Of the ten narratives given summary discussion here eight are ramified according to the type of marriage they portray, viz, arranged, elopement, forced, and abduction. The remaining two focus on some problems relating to polygamy and pregnancy respec-tively. The institution of marriage itself is highly regarded world wide, perhaps because of its implications on national ethos. In many cultures, it is the stronghold for all conservatism. How it has been converted into a tool for entertainment in these Valley Tonga narratives is but the cornerstone of this study.